Friday, August 28, 2020

Project Leadership Styles

Question: Examine about the Project Leadership Styles. Answer: Presentation: Intelligent diary as a device of learning is profoundly situated in self-awareness, experiential learning, proficient turn of events and student independence. Toward the start of my learning venture on venture the executives, I was urged to keep up an intelligent log. This diary contained the diverse learning I procured during the course, reported the exercises learned and helped me to perceive my qualities and restrictions. It filled in as a significant segment of my learning experience (Wood, 2012). Other than the requests of a standard composed task, the diary empowered me to think profoundly and to challenge my old convictions and thoughts with new data. It permitted me to incorporate the course work that I learnt into my own way of thinking and considerations along with coordinating them into my day by day encounters and activities. Notwithstanding the intelligent diary, I would have moved toward the subject of undertaking the board like an ordinary instructional meeting. I would not have encountered any self-awareness, improvement changes and advances in context all through the procedure. Through a proper preparing short the intelligent composing part, just the specialized angles would have been scholarly by me. In any case, composing the diary caused me to create questions, think and act basically. I got equipped for incorporating my learning into true circumstances. One specific topic that I confronted trouble in comprehension was the booking some portion of undertaking the board and the devices utilized in it. I comprehended the hypothetical idea driving PERT and CPM however was discovering trouble in understanding its down to earth application. The inquiries were not extremely hard to unravel but rather the utilization of these ideas on increasingly complex activities, in actuality, was somewhat trying for me. Be that as it may, the intelligent diary again helped me here. I recorded down my confinements and the focuses I couldn't get a handle on appropriately. Ensuing to that, I began growing little genuine recreations which were not exceptionally perplexing and with the assistance of my coach started applying the ideas on those reproductions. This subject has gigantically added to my present development as a venture supervisor just as my future ability to perform venture the board adequately. I took in the significant exercise that venture the board isn't just about the procedures, yet it is additionally about the individuals and their disposition and practices (Roberts, 2007). There are various parts of human instinct which can have either negative or positive effect on the results of a venture and it is basic to address them appropriately. Likewise a capable undertaking pioneer ought to have the option to conjure an assortment of initiative styles. The key is to utilize each style in the correct circumstance (Barker and Cole, 2014). For example coercive authority style is best when there is an emergency like during a takeover endeavor or a hierarchical turnaround. In like manner, a popularity based initiative is most appropriate when the undertaking supervisor needs his group to accept proprietorship or become tied up w ith an arrangement, objective or a choice, or when he/she isn't sure and requires new thoughts from skillful colleagues (Harris, 2009). My present administration style is definitive which permits me to impart my vision to the group, and empowers my colleagues to utilize their ability and devise a community oriented arrangement. References Barker, S. furthermore, Cole, R. (2014). Splendid Project Management. Pearson Education. Harris, D. (2009). Venture Leadership Styles. [Online]. Accessible through: https://www.projectsmart.com/articles/venture authority styles.php. [Accessed on twelfth August 2016]. Roberts, P. (2007). Manual for Project Management: Achieving enduring advantage through successful change. John Wiley Sons. Wood, J. (2012). Change through Journal Writing: The Art of Self-Reflection for the Helping Professions. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Museum Art Critique: Surprise Attack Near Harper’s Ferry Essay

At the point when first survey the canvas, Surprise Attack Near Harper’s Ferry, made by John A. Mooney in 1868, the main thing I got myself ready to concentrate on was the gathering of totally uncovered men that give off an impression of being washing in a waterway. From the outset, I was not really ready to get a handle on the idea driving the composition or the specific circumstance that was proposed to be depicted by John Mooney, in this particular bit of chronicled fine art. Subsequent to taking a gander at the picture all the more intently and mindfully, the principal words that entered my psyche quickly were dread and turmoil. The foundation of the Surprise Attack Near Harper’s Ferry, except for the smoke in the far separation, differentiates fundamentally to the articulate bedlam, dread, and disarray showed in the bit of the composition where the gathering of men have all the earmarks of being frightfully dispersing about in the water. The foundation of this arti stic creation, the excellent shaded sky and other landscape including the gleaming water, contrasts extraordinarily in correlation with the more centered around, to some degree upsetting picture, of what seems to speak to frenzy and dread that is clearing over this gathering of men. In the wake of watching the composition as intently and cautiously as could be expected under the circumstances, the picture to be depicted caused a sentiment of trouble, just as disarray, to clear over me. In the wake of seeing increasingly about the painting’s meaning, I started to likewise feel a feeling of empathy and compassion for these men that I couldn’t even totally grasp from the start. In the work of art, Surprise Attack Near Harper’s Ferry, the craftsman, John A. Mooney, places an extraordinary accentuation on the â€Å"subject matter†; the topic being the men that were endeavoring to wash in the stream. Despite the fact that the topic, the â€Å"central focus† of the work of art, appears to simply be about this gathering of Confederate Soldiers, significance is additionally extraordinarily positioned upon the crude feelings appeared by these fighters; feelings that make this canvas worth scrutinizing and investigating in any case. On an increasingly positive note or perspective on the artwork, Surprise Attack Near Harper’s Ferry effectively can catch the observer’s eye as a result of the wonderful, sparkling shade of the waterway and the wide sky; in spite of what real factors the men may before long be compelled to look in these waters. Moreover, one of the significant things to see about this composition is John Mooney’s utilization of reiteration spoke to by the men in the waterway. Reiteration is noted in the men in the work of art, because of their striking, and practically indistinguishable similitudes in their appearance. Another significant guideline of plan or â€Å"formal property†, is the utilization of the prior referenced differentiation between the more genuine, focal point of convergence or the â€Å"subject matter† ; otherwise called the Confederate men in the waterway, and the more without a care in the world setting appeared by the away from and entrancing shade of the stream itself. Differentiation is additionally found in the artwork by the artist’s utilization of various hues that contradict or strife with each other. For instance, John Mooney utilizes an a lot more splendid/lighter shading on these men, than what he utilizes for the extraordinary green/blue waterway and the more shady/darker shading he utilizes for the sky, or for the foundation gun smoke. Complexity is utilized by this craftsman to cause more to notice the point of convergence of the canvas.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Sampling Probability Essay Example for Free

Testing Probability Essay Likelihood And Non Probability Sampling Cultural Studies Essay A likelihood testing strategy is any technique for inspecting that uses some type of irregular choice. So as to have an arbitrary choice technique, you should set up some procedure or system that guarantees that the various units in your populace have equivalent probabilities of being picked. People have since quite a while ago rehearsed different types of arbitrary determination, for example, selecting a name from a cap, or picking the short straw. Nowadays, we will in general use PCs as the system for creating irregular numbers as the reason for arbitrary determination. Likelihood examining techniques are those in which each thing known to mankind has a known possibility, or likelihood of being picked for test. This suggests the determination of the example things is free of the individual creation the examination that is the testing activity is controlled so equitably that the things will be picked carefully at arbitrary. Kinds of likelihood examining Straightforward Random Sampling: The easiest type of irregular inspecting is called basic arbitrary examining. Neither of these mechanical techniques is truly achievable and, with the advancement of modest PCs there is an a lot simpler way. Straightforward arbitrary inspecting is easy to achieve and is anything but difficult to disclose to other people. Since straightforward arbitrary inspecting is a reasonable method to choose an example, it is sensible to sum up the outcomes from the example back to the populace. Straightforward arbitrary testing isn't the most factually effective strategy for inspecting and you may, due to the result of pure chance, not get great portrayal of subgroups in a populace. To manage these issues, we need to go to other testing techniques. Precise Sampling: Stratified Random Sampling, likewise once in a while called relative or share arbitrary examining, includes isolating your populace into homogeneous subgroups and afterward taking a basic irregular ex ample in every subgroup. There are a few significant reasons why you may incline toward separated testing over basic irregular inspecting. Initially, it guarantees that you will have the option to speak to the general populace, yet additionally key subgroups of the populace, particularly little minority gatherings. In the event that you need to have the option to discuss subgroups, this might be the best way to viably guarantee youll have the option to. On the off chance that the subgroup is very little, you can utilize distinctive examining parts inside the various layers to haphazardly over-example the little gathering. When weâ use a similar testing portion inside layers we are directing proportionate defined irregular inspecting. At the point when we utilize diverse inspecting parts in the layers, we call this lopsided separated arbitrary testing. Second, defined irregular inspecting will by and large have more factual exactness than straightforward arbitrary testing. This might be valid if the layers or gatherings are homogeneous. On the off chance that they are, we expect that the fluctuation inside gatherings ar e lower than the inconstancy for the populace all in all. Defined examining benefits from that reality. Delineated Sampling: For this to work it is basic that the units in the populace are arbitrarily requested, in any event regarding the qualities you are estimating. For a certain something, it is genuinely simple to do. You just need to choose a solitary arbitrary number to begin things off. It might likewise be more exact than basic irregular testing. At long last, in certain circumstances there is basically no simpler method to do arbitrary inspecting. For example, I once needed to do an investigation that included testing from all the books in a library. When chosen, I would need to go to the rack, find the book, and record when it last circled. I realized that I had a genuinely decent examining outline as the rack list (which is a card index where the sections are masterminded in the request they happen on the rack). To do a straightforward irregular example, I could have evaluated the absolute number of books and produced arbitrary numbers to draw the example. Bunch Sampling: The issue with irregular testing strategies when we need to test a populace that is dispensed over a wide geographic locale is that you should make a great deal of progress topographically so as to get to every one of the units you examined. Envision taking a basic arbitrary example of the considerable number of occupants of New York State so as to direct close to home meetings. By the result of pure chance you will end up with respondents who originate fro m everywhere throughout the state. Your questioners will have a great deal of heading out to do. It is for definitely this difficult that bunch or territory irregular examining was designed. In group examining, we follow these means: separate populace into bunches (normally along geographic limits), haphazardly test groups, and measure all units inside inspected groups. Multi Stage Sampling: The four techniques weve secured so far basic, delineated, and orderly and bunch are the least difficult irregular testing systems. In most genuine applied social research, we would utilize testing techniques that are significantly more unpredictable than these straightforward varieties. The most significant rule here isâ that we can consolidate the basic techniques portrayed before in an assortment of valuable manners that assist us with tending to our inspecting needs in the most proficient and powerful way conceivable. At the point when we consolidate inspecting strategies, we call this multi-stage testing. Non likelihood Samp ling Non likelihood examining techniques are those, which don't furnish each thing known to man with a known possibility of being remembered for the example. The choice procedure is somewhat The contrast between non likelihood and likelihood testing is that non likelihood inspecting doesn't include arbitrary choice and likelihood examining does. Does that imply that non likelihood tests arent delegate of the populace? Not really. However, it means that non likelihood tests can't rely on the method of reasoning of likelihood hypothesis. In any event with a probabilistic example, we know the chances or likelihood that we have spoken to the populace well. We can assess certainty spans for the measurement. With non likelihood tests, we might possibly speak to the populace well, and it will regularly be difficult for us to know how well weve done as such. When all is said in done, analysts lean toward probabilistic or arbitrary testing strategies over non probabilistic ones, and believe them to be progressively precise and thorough. In any case, in applied social research there might be conditions where it isn't plausible, reasonable or hypothetically reasonable to do irregular testing. Here, we consider a wide scope of non probabilistic other options. We can isolate non likelihood testing strategies into two expansive sorts: incidental or purposive. Most testing techniques are purposive in nature since we as a rule approach the inspecting issue in view of a particular arrangement. The most significant qualifications among these sorts of examining strategies are the ones between the various kinds of purposive inspecting approaches. Sorts of non likelihood inspecting Unintentional, Haphazard or Convenience Sampling: One of the most widely recognized strategies for examining goes under the different titles recorded here. I would remember for this classification the conventional man in the city (obviously, presently its likely the individual in the city) interviews led habitually by TV news projects to get a fast (despite the fact that non agent) perusing of popular feeling. I would likewise contend that the common use ofâ college understudies in much mental research is essentially a matter of comfort. In clinical practice, we may utilize customers who are accessible to us as our example. In many research settings, we test basically by requesting volunteers. Obviously, the issue with these sorts of tests is that we have no proof that they are illustrative of the populaces were keen on summing up to and as a rule we would unmistakably presume that they are definitely not. Purposive Sampling: In purposive inspecting, we test in view of a reason. We normally would have at least one explicit predefined bunches we are looking for. They size up the individuals passing by and any individual who appears to be in that class they stop to inquire as to whether they will partake. One of the main things theyre liable to do is confirm that the respondent does in certainty meet the standards for being in the example. Purposive examining can be valuable for circumstances where you have to arrive at a focused on test rapidly and where inspecting for proportionality isn't the essential concern. With a purposive example, you are probably going to hear the thoughts of your objective populace, however you are additionally liable to overweight subgroups in your populace that are all the more promptly open. For each kind of testing give the favorable circumstances and impediments. Preferences and Disadvantages of Probability testing Basic Random Sampling: Points of interest: It is anything but difficult to execute It requires a posting of populace component. Since choice of its things in the example relies upon change there is no chance of individual inclination influencing the outcome. When contrasted with judgment inspecting an arbitrary example speaks to the universe in a superior manner. As the size of the example builds, it turns out to be progressively illustrative of the populace. The examiner can without much of a stretch evaluate the precision of the assessments since inspecting mistakes follows the guideline of possibility. The hypothesis of irregular examining is additionally evolved than that of an inspecting, which empowers the analyst to give the most solid data at any rate cost. Hindrances The utilization of basic arbitrary examining requires a totally cataloguedâ universe from which to draw the example. That is it utilizes huge example size. The size of the example requires guaranteeing the measurable unwavering quality is as a rule under arbitrary inspecting instead of separated. From the perspective of field review it has been asserted that the cases chose by irregular inspecting will in general be too broadly scattered geologically and that the time and the expense of gathering information becomes

David Hockney free essay sample

Breaks down two colored pencil drawings from craftsmen Realism period, Celia in a Black Dress with White Flowers (1972) Celia Wearing Checked Sleeves (1973). Style, content handiness in workmanship guidance. David Hockney has had one of the most abnormal professions of any craftsman of this century. Conceived in England in 1937, when he left Londons Royal College of Art Hockney as of now had a national notoriety as a painter. Since that time he has reliably been one of the most monetarily and fundamentally fruitful specialists on the planet just as one of the most well known (Livingstone 9). Hockneys works are known and perceived by a far more extensive crowd than most craftsmen appreciate. His is the sort of achievement that impeccably mixes mainstream and basic approval. Accordingly, the renowned Tate Gallery of London reliably reports that Hockneys notable twofold picture Mr. what's more, Mrs. Clark and Percy (1970-71) is the historical centers most well known picture with guests (Geldzahler 14). We will compose a custom exposition test on David Hockney or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This ubiquity has become even as Hockney has changed mediums and styles. From the early

Environmental Sustainability-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Environmental Sustainability. Answer: Presentation The shortage of vitality assets is apparent since twentieth century, henceforth required an elective model to reestablish the common sources. The characteristic wellsprings of vitality, similar to, oil, coal, normal wellspring of gas. The abundance utilization of characteristic vitality began giving caution and there is a need to reestablish it. People are the essential clients of these common wellsprings of vitality. The utilization of vitality began when people figured out how to utilize fire, progressively with the development of gathering field and urbanization the deforestation occurred[1]. This occasion bit by bit influenced the air. The overabundance utilization of characteristic assets of vitality began influencing the chance of things to come age. To diminish the wastage of the regular vitality and ecological contamination natural supportability is basic. Natural supportability characterizes as to construct environmental structures and cognizant network who will know the sig nificance of vitality rebuilding in the wake of satisfying the need. This report manages the significance of natural supportability. The essential focal point of the report is to give a framework of the triple base turn of events and practical turn of events. The report gives a subtleties thought of the contamination and vitality utilization brought about by the development organization and finally, gives a report of an Australian development organization dependent on the manageability advancement. Conversation Ecological Sustainability Ecological Sustainability can be characterized as the common equal activity inside the earth to disallow the harm of characteristic assets, which assists with maintaining the nature of the earth. Natural supportability is a training that to guarantee the accessibility of things to come assets for the future populace. The earth can revive itself by normal procedures that help to support in since quite a while ago run. For example, when an organic product tumbles from the tree on the ground it normally decomposes[2]. The decayed food adds supplements to the dirt, which in the end improve the dirt and make the dirt ideal for different plants and creatures. This is the manner by which the natural maintainability works. With no outer gatecrasher, the nature itself takes numerous approaches to continue its assets. The interruption of people acts danger to the earth like human uses each common asset for their own need. The use of regular assets diminish the nature's suitability for quite a while. The impact can be durable if the time isn't given to nature to recuperate the deficiency. The overabundance utilization of assets obstructs the nature to conquer its shortage, which prompts long haul harm. Ecological supportability infers maintainability of numerous circle of the earth. For example, horticulture, building development, vitality utilization these are a few spaces where unreasonably is found. These are, where human in interruption is most extreme, in this way the individuals exhaust vitality. Clearly in a nature each living thing relies upon other living things for living. Human began utilizing characteristic assets since the figured out how to fulfill their necessities. Human lit utilizing fire and found the common wellspring of vitality. Human began utilizing caverns for cover. Human began utilizing different pieces of plants separated from fulfilling their hunger, they utilized the bark to cover themselves, utilized the log as weapon. Bit by bit human began utilizing trees broadly as to fabricate houses, made fields for agribusinesses, set up towns, made furniture for their own needs, constructed industries[3]. These uses lead to eradication of backwoods and presented danger to the ecological supportability. Vitality Consumption In 21st century, the fundamental danger acts by the enterprises like they expended abundance vitality than required. Among the few enterprises, the development businesses are answerable for adding 87% of carbon to the atmosphere. This incorporates wrecking of non-renewable energy sources for cases, coal, oil, diesels, and common gases during development. This discharge of carbon influences the size of the vitality impression. The vitality impression suggests that the land require to retain the discharged carbon. This is an estimation device for estimating the size of the carbon footprint[4]. The urbanization, horticultural utilization of land, modern foundations lessens the place that is known for CO2 retention. Development organizations are liable for discharge of green house gas generally; around 19% of the green house gas is radiated by the structure businesses. The pace of CO2 discharge has developed since 1971 and it is expanded by 2% from the past. The utilization of vitality during building development is high. The vitality is isolated by two classes, essential vitality and optional vitality. The auxiliary vitality connotes the warm vitality, concoction vitality, warm vitality, electrical vitality. The vitality is produced by wrecking of coal, oil and other common gases during development. This utilization of abundance vitality is influencing the common save of vitality stockpiling. For cases, characteristic coal save is 891530 million ton though the creation of coal in the wake of mining and refining is 7520 million ton and the utilization in 7514 million ton same as common oil, the regular oil saved is 223454 million ton and the creation is 3973 million ton where as the utilization is 4135 million ton. The gaseous petrol reservation isn't an exemption as opposed to the coal and common oil, 209742 billion cubic meters is the capacity of the petroleum gas and 3518 billion cubic meters is the creation estimation though, 3376 bi llion cubic meters is the aggregate sum which is spent by the development businesses. Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Triple primary concern comprises of social, natural and money related system. This is an apparatus of estimating the presentation of an association. This estimation instrument is embraced by numerous worldwide associations to assess the exhibition in expansive point of view to build the heaviness of the business esteem. Prior in the conventional business, the main concern is alluded as benefit and misfortune however steadily the idea change as the atmosphere presents danger to humankind. The tree huggers began upholding the way that natural elements ought to be kept in the psyche other than benefit and loss[5]. The essential explanation for the idea is to keep up balance between mechanical foundations and biology. Another explanation of triple main concern is to construct still, small voice among the individuals about the characteristic assets. This idea can be explained through models, for example, if there should be an occurrence of development industry, concrete creation causes ai r, soil and water contamination. Concrete creation decreases the richness of the land and harm the upper layer of the dirt, which prompts soil disintegration and flood. Then again, harmful squanders are depleted in to the stream; in view of the abundance measure of antacid in the waste, it makes the water poisonous to the individuals. Concrete industry makes surprising harm the ozone layer. All these harm whenever repaid by the administration with the cash of the citizens then this will be the disappointment of the money saving advantage investigation as far as the general public. Maintainable Development The maintainable improvement alludes to the sorting out the objectives of human turn of events and maintainability biological system. The prior idea was focused at backwoods the board, since twentieth century the idea has changed to prudent and social development[6]. Feasible improvement works in three distinct spaces social, natural and efficient. The natural maintainability manages the human settlement. The essential job of maintainable advancement is to meet the principal need of human like, air, water, food, garments and shelter[7]. The maintainability advancement manages the appraisal of environmental change and monitors water and vitality use, sustainable power source use. Connection among TBL and Sustainable Development The connection between triple primary concern and manageability advancement is that both arrangement with the natural parity. The supportable advancement keeps up the equalization of environment and biodiversity. The triple primary concern manages the three measurements, environmental, social and financial[8]. An association takes care of the individuals and planet other than benefit. The triple down keeps up equality among benefit and the individuals and the planet. Manageability advancement quantifies the deficiency in the atmosphere that is brought about by the business. Triple primary concern is a difficult undertaking in light of the fact that an organization needs to keep its money related benefits high and simultaneously keeping up offset with the earth. Triple main concern takes care of the organization's enthusiasm towards social duty and monetary worth and its impact on the earth. Prior organization's benefit was agreeable and yet, the organization used to ignore the works condition. The idea of feasible improvement represents all encompassing way to deal with balance between the requirements and the mindfulness. By and large, improvement suggests the need without considering the future effect. Contingent upon the ways, the impact of the advancement works. The effect is the result of the choice that prompts corruption of value life. Triple primary concern manages the activity offices, representative pay, common vitality utilization, squander the board and contrast the worker pay and the living expense of the workers. Triple main concern manages the inner open of the organization as the workers can get to all the focal points they were given and takes care of the quick harm that is brought about by the association's capacity utilization , discharge gases and strong and water wastes[9]. Despite what might be expected, the manageability improvement for the most part manages the outer open who are legitimately influenced by the environmental change. Social effect obligation legitimately falls under triple primary concern on the grounds that an organization takes care of whether the evaluating of the item is sensible to the cus

Friday, August 21, 2020

United Nations and International Peace

Presentation United Nations is a global association, built up in 1945 after the Second World War following the desperate results of the First and the Second World Wars. In spite of the fact that the First World War prompted the foundation of the League of Nations so as to advance universal harmony and security, it neglected to forestall the event of the Second World War. To beat the blemishes in the League of Nations, the United Nations was framed on 26 June 1945, when the Charter of the United Nations was marked by part states.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on United Nations and International Peace explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The elements of the United Nations as specified in the Article 1 incorporate keeping up universal harmony and security, growing benevolent relations among countries, advancing global collaboration in critical thinking and harmonization of the aggregate duty of the countries (Auden, 1997, p. 50). This article analyzes the job of the United Nations in upkeep of worldwide harmony and security, and its viability as enabled by the sanction. The United Nations Provisions The Charter of the United Nations Article 24 enables the Security Council to practice the elements of the United Nation. As per the International Court of Justice (2010), the United Nations individuals â€Å"confer on the Security Council essential duty regarding the upkeep of global harmony and security, and concur that in completing its obligations under this obligation the Security Council follows up on their behalf.† The Security Council has privilege of deciding harmony and security status of the part states by guaranteeing that each part has equivalent privileges of assurance. The Security Council should release its capacities as specified in sections VI, VII, and XII in the Charter of the United Nations. Section VI of the United Nations Charter manages Pacific Settlement of Disputes. This section engages the Security Cou ncil to call contesting gatherings to comprehend any debate â€Å"by exchange, enquiry, intervention, assuagement, mediation, legal settlement, resort to territorial offices or game plans, or other tranquil methods for their own choice† (Browne, 2003, p. 16). The Security Council recognize, explore and suggest fitting methodology of tending to circumstances that may undermine the upkeep of universal harmony and security to the International Court of Justice (Novak, 2001, p. 5). In part VII, the United Nations Charter offers forces to the security to â€Å"determine the presence of any danger to the harmony, break of the harmony, or demonstration of animosity and will make proposals, or choose what measures will be taken as per Article 41 and 42, to keep up or reestablish worldwide harmony and security† (Miller, 1999, p. 67). The Security Council will utilize all way to ensure that every one of its individuals are secured against any risk to harmony or an aggression.Adv ertising Looking for paper on global relations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In section VII, the United Nations Charter enables the Security Council to guarantee that any territorial game plans that include upkeep of the worldwide harmony and security ought to consent to the United Nations purposes and standards. As indicated by the Article 52, â€Å"the Security Council will empower the improvement of pacific settlement of neighborhood debates through such territorial plans or by such local offices either on the activity of the states concerned or by reference from the Security Council† (Brader, 2005, p. 78). The Security Council ought to be refreshed â€Å"at all occasions about the exercises attempted or in examination under local courses of action or by territorial offices for the upkeep of worldwide harmony and security† (Smith, 2002, p. 33). Since the United Nations Security Council is liable for the upkeep of harmony and security around the world, at that point any issues identified with harmony and security are of incredible concern in case they compromise harmony and security of others. Adequacy of the United Nations Political nature of the General Assembly and the Security Council impede the viability of the United Nations in encouraging global harmony and security. Simon (2009) contends that, ‘the United Nations’ endeavors to save universal harmony and security are the most combative part of its whole work, due to the intrinsically political nature of its role† (p. 23). The goals of contentions and debates rely upon the political direction of the General Assembly, Security Council and part states along these lines entangling the issues. The choice to attack Iraq was figured politically by George Bush and Tony Blair to trick the world that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass decimation. Prados and Ames (2010), contend that, â€Å"the proof demonstrates the choice was made early, well before ultimatums to Iraq or other strategic action.† This shows the fundamental purpose behind Iraq intrusion was political as opposed to a security reason. Another case is the virus war between the United State and Soviet Union where Baruch portrays it as â€Å"the most significant political and conciliatory issue of the early post war period† (2007). The split of the Soviet Union was because of political impact of the United Nations. End The principle explanation behind the foundation of the United Nations was spare the world against unpleasant outcomes of war. Terrible encounters of First and Second World War caused the world heads to meet up to and consider different methods of forestalling the future event of war.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on United Nations and International Peace explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United Nations in its Security Council arm is cultivating universal harm ony and security through lawful strategies, discretion and military peacekeeping. With this respectable obligation, the United Nations encounters undue political weight as they keep up global harmony and security. References Auden, H. (1997). The United Nations Charter. Human Rights Journal, 22(3): 45-53. Print. Baruch, B. (2007). Cold War. Worldwide Security. Web. Brader, S. (2005). Worldwide Relations: Peace and Security. New York. Norton. 78. Browne, M. (2003). Joined Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress. The Library of Congress, 6(2): 1-16. Universal Court of Justice, (2010). The Charter of the United Nations. Web. Mill operator, T. (1999). Harmony Treaties and the United Nations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 67.Advertising Searching for paper on universal relations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Novak, G. (2001). The Security Council: United Nations. Diary of Human rights, 3(1): 5. Prados, J., Ames, C. (2010). The Iraq War: U.S. furthermore, British Documents Give No Indication Alternatives Were Seriously Considered. National Security Archive. Web. Simon, T. (2009). Universal Peace Security: Basic Charter Provisions. United Nations Review, 34(9): 23. Smith, P. (2002). The Charter of the United Nations. The Expositional Journal, 12(1): 32-33. This article on United Nations and International Peace was composed and put together by client Amare Hoffman to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - Has Hamlet Gone Mad? :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

  Has Hamlet Gone Mad?          Hamlet was the sovereign of Denmark, child of the assassi-nated King Hamlet and Sovereign Gertrude, and nephew to Claudius.  Hamlet, (during the play) experiences some exceptionally upsetting circumstances where he appears to act in a crazy way. Yet, I am persuaded that he was †¦not in frenzy, yet distraught in craft.  I too accept that he was a man of high good norms, in actuality higher than the greater part of the individuals in Denmark around then.           Hamlet was shelled by numerous circumstances toward the beginning of the play which his mind needed to bargain with.  He was very up-set (as some other individual would be) with his dad's homicide and, simultaneously, his mom's rushed remarriage.        HAMLET: Ere yet the salt of most corrupt tears had left the flushing in her irritated eyes, she married.  O, most insidious speed, to post with suck aptitude to perverted sheets!  He at that point got notification from his old buddy Horatio that they had seen an apparition during the night watch.  Hamlet was stunned at the portrayal of the phantom and he said to him-self My dad's soul in arms? Everything isn't well.  I question some foul play.  Would the night were come!  Hamlet's per-sonality experienced extreme worries because of the circumstances en-countered and thusly, he needed to figure out how to take care of the clear issues.           In Act 1, Scene 5, Hamlet while conversing with his dad's phantom was asked to vindicate the foul homicide, yet to let his mom well enough alone as her blame would be discipline enough.  GHOST: Vengeance his foul and most unnatural murder.  †¦ Leave her to paradise, and to those thistles that in her chest hotel to prick and sting her.  The phantom of the past ruler gave Hamlet the arrangement that he needed.  The phantom likewise be-seeched Hamlet to †¦Let not the imperial bed of Denmark be a sofa for extravagance and accursed incest†¦.  This demonstrated Ham-let was required to reestablish his respect, however to re-store the respect of all of Denmark as well!  The additional weight upon his shoulders made him clear from his psyche everything except what was important to explain his dilemma.  This would have permitted him to think in a judicious and rational manner.  It additionally clarifies why later he can't seek after his relationship with his genuine romance Ophelia, and attempts to make her impartial in him so that once more, he may focus on the undertakings athand.  Hamlet utilized his cleverness when he conceived an arrangement to check whether his

Thursday, August 20, 2020

UGA National Scholars named - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

UGA National Scholars named - UGA Undergraduate Admissions UGA National Scholars named Over the past few months, a number of national programs have named their scholarship recipients, from the Goldwater Scholars to the new Rangel Graduate Fellowship. As such, here is a partial list of the UGA students who were named as scholars from these programs: Victoria Akin, a third-year student from Macon, GA and a graduate of Mount de Sales Academy, was named a 2011 Goldwater Scholar. Victoria has done research in epidemiology with faculty in the UGA College of Public Health, and the National Science Foundation Research Experience. Michael Burel, a third-year student from Acworth, GA and a graduate of Carlton J. Kell HS, was named a 2011 Goldwater Scholar. Michael has worked as a CURO apprentice in the lab of Dr. Steven Stice, was selected for the NYU Summer Undergraduate Research Program, and conducted research in France this past summer in stem cell work. Amar Mirza, a third-year student from Hiram, GA and a graduate of Marietta HS, was named a 2011 Goldwater Scholar. Amar has conducted research in biochemistry and molecular biology in the lab of Dr. Natarajan Kannan, and participated in CURO, the Howard Hughes Medical Institutes Exceptional Research Opportunities Program, and has worked in the field at a health clinic in Haiti. Ashley Bartlett, a fourth-year student from Longwood, FL and graduate of Lake Mary HS, is a Rangel Graduate Fellowship recipient, which has a focus on students pursuing careers as US Foreign Service diplomats. Ashley participated in the World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms program, and studied in the UGA at Oxford study abroad program in 2009. Todd Pierson, a fourth-year student from Zionsville, IN and graduate of Brebeuf Jesuit Preparatory School, was named a Udall Scholar, with a focus on ecological studies. Todd has traveled to Guatemala, where he collected and studied new species of amphibians and reptiles, and has scheduled expeditions to Oman and the United Arab Emirates along with a return to Guatemala this year. Muktha Natrajan, a fourth-year student from Martinez, GA and a graduate of Lakeside HS, was named a 2011 Gates Cambridge Scholar (after being named a 2009 Goldwater Scholar and a 2010 Udall Scholar). Muktha has done research in Dr. Steven Stices lab, has studied at Nanjing University in China, participated in the NYU Summer Undergraduate Research Program, and was an intern with the World Health Organization in Namibia. Upon graduation in May, she will receive a BS degree in Genetics and a Master of Public Health degree in environmental health science. Congratulations to these students, along with all the other UGA scholars who have done so much and have so many great opportunities both in graduate programs and in the workplace! Go Dawgs!

Wednesday, July 1, 2020

Morgan Brand Image Essay - 275 Words

Morgan Brand Image (Essay Sample) Content: WEEK 3 BLOGCOMPANY: J.P. MORGAN CHASE BANKStudent nameInstitution What is your brands image?The image held by the J.P. MORGAN CHASE BANK is that of a high-end universal bank. The bank ranks very high among the institutions in the nations as well as across the borders. In addition, the bank is a reliable bank due to its assets base as well as the financial muscle it holds What is your brands target market and customer orientation? How does it manage this? The target market of the J.P. MORGAN CHASE BANK is the varied and wide. The bank segments its customers into retail and corporate. The retail sector deals with the consumers and retail users for payments of shopping and other consumer related services. This offering include the credit and debit cards for use. The corporate sector includes the services offered to institutions, business, government agencies and the governments themselves. The bank targets this segment with loans and investment financing as well as wea lth, securities and assets managements. This segment of the customers include costumers within the USA and the globe where the bank has established its services (JPMorgan Chase Co, 2015). The customer orientation of the bank is that of ensuring that there are happily satisfied customers who are loyal and have a positive relationship with the bank whatever their needs may be. The bank does not discriminate against any customer and have a diverse staff to serve as the customers from the diverse backgrounds. The bank has dedicated team of professionals customer care ...

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Rumored Hype on Mental Health Essay Samples Discovered

Rumored Hype on Mental Health Essay Samples Discovered Without a doubt there's a deep association between Mental Health and socio financial inequality. Other federal departments also provide programs which promote mental wellness. Anyway, it's particularly interesting to study in forensic mental wellness counseling because the study offers abundant opportunities to handle very intriguing or extreme cases can hardly be encountered in traditional mental wellness counseling. Several surveys are conducted by numerous organizations to decide on the overall position on mental health parity. Employers also argue it would raise the expense of health insurance as it would call for equal treatment for trivial issues like jet lag, academic difficulties and spiritual crises. Discrimination is often witnessed within the key care facilities, and shortage of adequate knowledge by practitioners affects patient's treatment practice. Mental and physical disabilities are connected because it's a component of a person's health. The Benefits of Mental Health Essay Samples Hiring someone to write a college essay is such a superior method to acquire an exceptional result when you speak about a personalized essay. You should have skills to compose a very good essay. To come across argumentative essay topics easy on various platforms, you want to comprehend about the argumentative essay. Argumentative essay is about arguing and debating on a subject, which is debatable. The Basic Facts of Mental Health Essay Samples A large part of people may have surprisingly forgotten that it's unnatural to at all times be around a friend. The main target of prisons is to make sure that the staff and inmates are secure. Ten to fifteen percent of those who have borderline are thought to take their own life. The issue of mental disorders is extremely rampant and scary because only few men and women have the ability to acknowledge they have an issue and can take time to find medical assistance. The Unexposed Secret of Mental Health Essay Samples Cancer is a disease that's brought on by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells within the body. Diabetes is another type of physical illness are there are several kinds of diabetes. Treatment for diabetes is contingent on the kind of diabetes the individual has. It is indispensable to learn about the qualities of the disorder under investigation. The kind of treatment given is dependent on the presence or absence of various indications or symptoms. This disease might be fatal if the individual gets suicidal. When someone has the mixture of a bodily and mental illness, their diagnosis is twice as serious as an individual with just one of the 2 illnesses. Things You Won't Like About Mental Health Essay Samples and Things You Will In most instances, individuals aren't quick to know the issues affecting them. To guarantee a prosperous assessment, quiet and pleasant environment is necessary. The human brain is to blame for coordinating many functions of the human body. Some parts may specialize in providing innovative therapy alternatives for patients based on their affordability and the form of illness. The end result was awfully the very same for a lot of the teens. There might be companies that seem very attractive to would be empl oyees, but when they start studying the benefit plans on offer, and what might or might not be guaranteed they may choose to stay where they are as moving to some other company might be unable to give them with the security and benefits they seek. With a scarcity of benefits extended by a new company there's no surprise that employees with the essential skills required for some jobs, stay with the company that are working with and ride out any indecision that it's possible they have to the point of missing out on promotion and a greater salary so seeing as they may acquire reasonable medical advantages and a great retirement package. Ensuring mentally ill individuals get the care they need is a continuous battle. In some instances it is an issue of understanding the way the patient developed the illness in the start. While special care is required for many individuals experiencing mental illness, some wonder is enough being done to guarantee proper care is provided. A mass sho oter's mental illness is frequently used as a scapegoat to ignore different factors and to demonstrate that the shooter was not normal. Seeing a counselor for many is just like admitting they have a mental illness. Depression, if untreated, can cause suicidal ideas and actions. Physical Illness is connected to your entire body and not your mind. The physical illness doesn't necessarily occur first. The Battle Over Mental Health Essay Samples and How to Win It Otherwise one you could do more damage than good and set your self in danger. While protests are useful in detracting stigma, there's very little evidence indicating them being entirely powerful. Also, as soon as a man or woman is experiencing chronic bodily conditions, they are at a higher chance of a declining mental wellbeing. A mentally healthy person is one which is properly adjusted to the emotional and behavioural demands of the crucial stresses and conflicts connected with daily living. Things You Won't Like About Mental Health Essay Samples and Things You Will Sometimes conflicts around mental wellness language unfold in a lot more public forums. One in five people utilize the help of people online via the social media sites who don't have degrees and it often results in hazardous outcomes. Scientists have yet to thoroughly study the many different words, terms and phrases associated with mental well-being.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Dualism And Personalism - 985 Words

Dualism is a philosophy that hypothesizes our mind is more then just our body. Dualists all deny that the mind is the same as the brain. In contrast Personalism is a philosophy that says our mind and body are one and the same. Personalists regard personhood as the fundamental notion that which gives meaning to all reality. We will explore their differences through their impact on abortion, death and politics. Dualism is a philosophy that in its most basic form holds that the mind is comprised of a nonphysical substance, while the body is composed of the physical substance called matter. This type of dualism is called substance dualism, or Cartesian Dualism. This type of dualism was formulated by Rene Descartes, who was†¦show more content†¦If the mind truly was a different substance then while the body dies the brain would still show some signs of life, because the mind would still be causally affecting it. Dualism and abortion. Because a dualism at its core it the belief that something is composed of two different parts, body and mind, a dualists could look at abortion two ways. The first way is that because the mind and body a different and only causally interact, then abortion does not end the life and so should not be considered murder. The second way is that because the mind and body ARE causally affecting one another then because you hurt one half it affects the other and a harmful way and should be considered and harmful act and outlawed. Because body and mind are one and the same both these views are wrong just on principle, but if we delve deeper the view that abortion end the life and thus shouldnt be considered murder is obviously the more harmful of the two. But it is especially harmful because this view separates the mind from the body and thus supports the pro abortionists view that the baby is just a bunch of cells and isnt sentient. And the second view is harmful, b ut not quite as harmful as the first. The second view marginalizes what happens during abortion, by saying that because the mind is causally affected by what happens to the body that the act is harmful is different then saying the actShow MoreRelatedBook Report on Apology Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle. The metaphysics of Socrates is soft dualism, since he acknowledges the material world and its role towards the transcendent, God. The epistemology is moderate realism where sensible world is knowable and knowledge of transcendent-intelligible reality inferred from sense knowledge of physical world. The ethics are of Natural Law where the sense world is valued as ordered to the spiritual realm. The philosophy of Human Nature is soul-body dualism where both: human body and soul are acknowledgedRead MoreRene Descartes: The Personalist vs. the Naturalist Viewpoint1203 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes 1596-1650 Mathematician, philosopher, and writer. Separated body from thought and that the thought used the brain in order to transfer action to body. Without thought there is no existence ergo, â€Å"I think, therefore I am†. Believed in dualism. Whereas the mind was a non-material object that did not follow any of the laws of nature. The mind would interact with the body by way of a gland in the brain. Descartes was working in a time where many mechanical items were being built which gaveRead MoreHistorical Roots Of Humanism And Modern Psychology Essay2227 Words   |  9 Pagesidentified as the founding grounds for the concept of humanism. Besides phenomenology and existentialism, the role of Eastern philosophy and psychology cannot be underscored in tracing the origin of humanism. This is also graced by philosophies of personalism from the then Judao-Christians. One common thing in all these concepts is that they have a similar concern regarding the consciousness and existence of human beings. In the context of forces existing in the field of philosophy, humanism is branded

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

The Wedding - Original Writing - 845 Words

The Wedding Long ago, in the Southern elf kingdom, lived a young elf named Arodir, but everyone called him Aaron. Ever since he was born, his parents, the king and queen, were planning on who their son should marry. They soon heard of a beautiful princess from a far kingdom in the North. She was tall, thin, well mannered, and very sophisticated. Her name was Nindes. Aaron s parent s loved hearing about this young lady and thought their son would too. While his parents were away, he went out in search of a bride himself. He found a commoner s girl in the village square. She was tall, beautiful, kind, and very polite. While she was volunteering at the local orphanage, he decided to talk to her. As the children took their nap, they†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Son,† his father began, â€Å"You need not worry yourself over a commoner. It is against our custom for a royal to marry a peasant!† His mother interjected, â€Å"Not only that, we already found you a bride!† She said happily. â€Å"Her name is N†¦Ni†¦oh what was her name?† â€Å"Nindes, dear.† His father replied. â€Å"If it is alright with you, I do not wish to - â€Å" â€Å"Now Arodir, your father and I have already made up our mind. Now if you will excuse us.† Aaron’s parents then retired to their bed chamber. Aaron, who followed his parents decisions, sulked in his room and thought to himself, â€Å"What if I don’t enjoy being with Nindes like I do with Nina?† Although overcome by his worries, he trusted his parents and their decision for his marriage to the princess. That Saturday, Nina and Aaron spent the whole day together. During lunch, Aaron told Nina, â€Å"I am to marry Princess Nindes of the North Kingdom, but I am afraid I won’t enjoy being with her as much as I do with you.† Nina started to giggle at his statement but Aaron didn t notice. As the day went on, Nina noticed Aaron was distracted and didn’t pay attention to her while she was talking. â€Å"Are you even listening to what I’m saying, Aaron?† Nina started getting impatient. â€Å"I-I’m sorry Nina,† Aaron stated sheepishly, â€Å"I’m getting so worked up about marrying the princess I guess I didn’t hear what you said.† â€Å"I said, ‘I need to get going.’ It’s getting late and my parents will start to worry.† â€Å"Wait! I-.â€Å" Aaron wanted

Friday, May 15, 2020

Teens And Smoking Essay - 1572 Words

Teens and Smoking Abstract Cigarette smoking is of interest to the National Institute on Drug Abuse both because of the public health problems associated with this form of substance abuse and because this behavior represents a prototypic dependence process. In the past few years the government has made every effort to reach the masses, in an attempt to curb the exploitation of tobbacco use, and its acceptance among Americas Youngsters. However, cigarette smoking among adolescents is on the rise. The premise that the behavior of adolescents is influenced by the behavior of their parents is central to many considerations of health and social behavior (Ausubel, Montemayor, amp; Svajiian, 1977; Bandura amp; Walters, 1963). Many young†¦show more content†¦Yet, even though teenagers sometimes smoke to gain independence, and to be part of the crowd parental influence plays the strongest role as to whether or their children will smoke, Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), 1991. Children are exposed to and influenced by the parents, siblings, and the media long before peer pressure will become a factor. Mothers should not smoke during pregnancy, nicotine, which crosses the placental barrier, may affect the female fetus during an important period of development so as to predispose the brain to the addictive influence of nicotine. Prenatal exposure to smoking has previously been linked with impairments in memory, learning, cognition, and perception in the growing child. (National Institute of Drug Abuse, 1995) Subsequent follow-up after 12 years suggest that regardless of the amount or duration of current or past maternal smoking, the strongest correlation between maternal smoking and a daughters smoking occurred when the mother smoked during pregnancy. NIDA also reported that of 192 mothers and their first born adolescents with a mean age of 12 1/2, the analysis revealed that 26.6% of the girls whose mother smoked while pregnant had smoked in the past year. The 1991 smoking prevalence estimate of 25.7% is virtually no different from the previous years estimate of 25.5%. If current trends persist, we will not meet oneShow MoreRelated Teen Smoking Essay764 Words   |  4 Pages Tobacco Advertising and its dangerous effects on young people. Tobacco Advertising Makes Young People Their Chief Target nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Everyday 3,000 children start smoking, most them between the ages of 10 and 18. These kids account for 90 percent of all new smokers. In fact, 90 percent of all adult smokers said that they first lit up as teenagers (Roberts). These statistics clearly show that young people are the prime target in the tobacco wars. The cigarette manufacturersRead More Teen Smoking Essay540 Words   |  3 Pages One of the largest issues today is adolescent smoking. According to a heath based website, nearly 90% of adult smokers start while they are still teens and they never intend to get hooked. They may start by bumming a cigarette or two from a friend at a party, and then go on to buying an occasional pack. Soon they realize that they cant go without that pack. Theyve gotten used to reaching for a cigarette first thing in the morning, after meals, or during any stressful time. They become addictedRead MoreSmoking Among Teens2694 Words   |  11 PagesTopic: Smoking Thesis: Smoking among teens has been increasing in an alarming rate. What are the effects on cigarette advertising has on the teenagers and the numerous ways to quit smoking. Related Issues: 1. Reasons why teens pick up the habit of smoking 2. The Effects of Tobacco Advertisement 3. The numerous reasons people give up smoking 4. The Health benefits of quitting 5. Numerous Steps to quitting TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract pg 3 2. Introduction pg 4 3. LiteratureRead MoreEssay on Teen Smoking is Bad1074 Words   |  5 PagesDeaths caused by smoking have reached epidemic proportions. In the United States alone, 430,000 people die annually from smoking-related illnesses such as cancers and lung disease. Stephen Jay, chair of the Department of Public Health at Indiana University School of Medicine, states that tobacco’s â€Å"human toll far exceeds the Black Death of the 14th century, the global influenza pandemic of 1918–19, and the modern tragedy of HIV-AIDS.† Health care advocates, concerned about tobacco-related deathsRead MoreTeen Smoking : By Chris Woolston950 Words   |  4 PagesWhile the article text written about Teen Smoker. I found that, today, as months turn into days and days into hours, the population of teen smokers dramatically increases. Apparently, there is enough material that helps to expound on this thesis. The author gives sufficient data about how teen smokers are increasing among youths citing ample convincing evidence from prior researches. He also gives the causes of the augmentation of the smoking behavior among teens and effective ways through which theRead MoreTeen Smoking : Education And Prevention1146 Words   |  5 Pages Teen Smoking: Education and Prevention Virginia Western Community College Jessica Baise Assessment Public Health Problem Tobacco use usually begins during youth and young adulthood. Every day in the United States, more than 3,800 youth under the age of eighteen smoke their first cigarette. (Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults , n.d.) The progress of smoking occasionally to smoking every day is due to the highly addictive drug called nicotine. There are several reasonsRead MoreKentuckys Youth and Teen Smoking1020 Words   |  5 Pagesrevenue from tobacco taxes to fund smoking cessation programs, and improve the quality of anti-smoking advertising campaigns. Teenagers normally function financially on a very fixed income, commonly working part time for minimum wage. With cigarette prices at $4.50 per pack a high school student can afford to smoke regularly, but when you double that price a student will think twice about the value of cigarettes. With the numerous health risks associated with smoking, buying cigarettes at any priceRead MoreTeen Smoking : Education And Prevention Essay3239 Words   |  13 Pages1 Teen Smoking: Education and Prevention Teen Smoking: Education and Prevention Virginia Western Community College Jessica Baise Assessment Public Health Problem Tobacco use usually begins during youth and young adulthood. Every day in the United States, more than 3,800 youth under the age of eighteen smoke their first cigarette. (Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults , n.d.) The progress of smoking occasionally to smoking every day is due to the highly addictive drugRead MoreThe Addiction Of Cigarettes And Teen Smoking894 Words   |  4 Pagesdue to peer pressure. Smoking was my way of building social relationships. However, soon I was smoking more or an equal amount of cigarettes than my friends. Since the age of 19, I have been smoking twenty cigarettes a day, which is a pack of cigarettes daily. My addiction to cigarettes is a problem because it is affecting my health. I become fatigued due to smoking. When I do not smoke, I become stressed. Smoking also damages my cardio-respiratory system. In addition, smoking is affecting me economicallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On Teens Ability On Learning2910 Words   |  12 P agesIntroduction Smoking has been a controversial topic ever since the 20th century. According to U.S Department of Health and Human, smoking has been recognized as the leading preventable cause of death in the United States in which 443,000 deaths are caused by intended active smoke and passive second-hand smoke each year. In addition, smokers are considered to be more likely to develop many diseases including coronary heart disease, respiratory disease, and lung cancer, and therefore tobacco use costs

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Toyota Compensation and Benefits - 792 Words

Toyota Compensation and Benefits Trends in Human Resources Management Teresa Hall U8a1 Instructor: John Devellier Toyota Motor Corporation has never faced an issue with their employee compensation and benefits packages. Part of their philosophy has been people are their greatest asset and they treat them as such by paying them a good salary and empowering their employees. How can they attract top talent? Well even the top executives at Toyota do not make a seven figure salary. Wages are determined with a fair market value in mind, but it is the â€Å"me† versus â€Å"we† attitude that drives Toyotas success. Describe the formal pay structure†¦show more content†¦Toyota believes in â€Å"green† and that is passed on to its employees by making them socially aware of establishing a low carbon society. There is no waste of any kind at Toyota and sometimes that means eliminating positions and tasks that may potentially harm the environment. But that does not mean that the employee is discarded along the way. They are just retrained into another job. Describe any current issues faced by the organization as they relate to compensation and benefits. The current recession has made Toyota consider the â€Å"unthinkable† for them and that is laying people off. In previous articles this has never been an issue for Toyota as people are their most valuable asset. They have managed to avoid it thus far by reducing man hours, moving people to different operations and rethinking their benefit packages. They are in favor of tailoring an individual benefit plan instead of offering the comprehensive group plans they now offer. References: Kentent. (2009). Toyota production system. Retrieved from http://kentent.hubpages.com/hub/Toyota-Production-System Miller, J., Novak, V. (2008, December 11). Auto worker salaries. Retrieved from http://www.factcheck.org/2008/12/auto-worker-salaries/ Toyota. (2003). Toyota environmental and social report. Retrieved from http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/environmental_rep/03/jyugyoin03.html Toyota. (n.d.). Toyota motor corporation. Retrieved fromShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Toyota s Strategic Management1714 Words   |  7 Pageshas since the last two decades rise to a level of dominance in the auto-motive industry. Toyota is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan and is the largest producers of automobile in Japan as well as the second largest in the world. Toyota has aimed in produce similar quality products as its competitors but at a lower cost which has been the basis of its strategy. Theories of strategies are continuously utilized by Toyota, which has lead the company to be the cost and strategy leader it is today. Strategy canRead MoreToyota Uses The Hoshin Kanri Strategy System846 Words   |  4 PagesToyota uses the Hoshin Kanri strategy system. It is similar to the managing by objectives (MBO) strategy except the difference between the two is that Hoshin focuses on processes and results whereas and MBO solely focuses on results. This is the reason why many compa nies are not able to be as successful as Toyota. With an MBO system, performance appraisals focus managers’ attention on the wrong thing: individual people. Focusing on results led to management by top-down targets and fear (Liker).Read MoreLearning to Lead at Toyota1601 Words   |  7 PagesI. Executive Summary Toyota is one of the world’s largest car manufacturers which have a better approach on developing their product and management’s quality, reliability, productivity, cost reduction, sales and market share growth, and market capitalization. It is one thing to realize that the Toyota Production System (TPS) is a system of nested experiments which operations are constantly improved also known as Kaizen. It is another from TPS to have an organization in which employees and managersRead MoreOrganizational Image : An Organization805 Words   |  4 PagesTherefore, it is up to Human Resource (HR) management to understand what is most valued by these workers and balance it with the employers’ expectations. In many cases, HR will have to adapt their incentives, benefits and retention strategies for workers that are only driven by financial compensation. It will not be enough simply to recruit able staff. Companies, ie HR, will have to make sure that their people are com mitted, productive and do not leave after a short period , incurring substantial turnoverRead MoreTraining And Development Efforts Help Employees989 Words   |  4 PagesTherefore, it is up to Human Resource (HR) management to understand what is most valued by these workers and balance it with the employers’ expectations. In many cases, HR, will have to adapt their incentives, benefits and retention strategies for workers that are only driven by financial compensation. It will not be enough simply to recruit able staff. Companies, i.e. HR, will have to make sure that their people are committed, productive and do not leave after a short period , incurring substantial turnoverRead MoreToyota Case Study Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesLife in the Fast Lane? Overview: The Toyota Production System has long been hailed and admired as the source of Toyota’s outstanding performance as a manufacturer. TPS aims to eliminate waste, reduce defects and maximize flow. TPS aims to increase efficiency and productivity by employing a unique production system that cuts costs through continuous improvement. Long term goal is to yield sharp reductions in product development and manufacturing lead times. Toyota want to be the industry best and theyRead MoreToyotas Objectives in Global Automotive Industry1185 Words   |  5 PagesAutomotive Research study shows. The majority of those jobs are in supplier and related industries. About 6.6 million jobs are connected to automotive manufacturing and new vehicle sales. This generates more than $240 billion in annual private sector compensation. (Automakers Drive U.S. Economy on Many Different Levels, New Study Show, 2003) The following is the findings of the study Contribution of The Automotive Industry to the U.S. Economy: *The auto industry is responsible for more than 100,000Read MoreCase Study : Puente Hills Toyota Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesPuente Hills Toyota Background and History Hitchcock Automotive Services owns Puente Hills Toyota (PHT), which is a privately held company. In addition to, Hitchcock Automotive Services owning Puente Hills Toyota, they also own two other Toyota dealerships, a Volkswagen, Ford, Hyundai, and BMW dealership, all located in California. Puente Hills Toyota was a large Toyota dealership with about $85 million in annual sales. PHT employs around 145 employees and was awarded several excellent performanceRead MoreAnalysis for Toyota Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesContent 1. Introduction 2 2. Ownership advantages 3 2.1 Toyota Production System (TPS) and Just-In-Time (JIT) management 3 2.2 Resource – based view: core competencies of Toyota 4 3. Internalization advantages 6 4. Location advantages 7 4. Conclusion 8 References 9 Appendix 10 1. Introduction As the leading auto manufacturing company, Toyota is not only the symbol of Japan, but also the one of the best business models for MNCs expansion overseas. Since the company was establishedRead MoreHuman Resource Management Policies and Practices That Can Support Business Strategies and Contribute to Improved Performance of the Organization4241 Words   |  17 Pagesand Selection (Toyota) 6 2.2. Training and Professional Development (Singapore Airlines) 15 2.3. Performance Management (Quantum) 18 2.4. Employee Benefits and Compensation ExxonMobil 19 2.4.1. Salary amp; Compensation: 20 2.4.2. Additional Benefits 21 3.0. RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION 21 Bibliography 23 Table of Figures Figure 1 Recruitment and Selection Process 7 Figure 2 Job Analysis Model 9 Figure 3 Toyota Sales Result 2010 12 Figure 4 Toyota Recruitment Process

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Pollution Of Fossil Fuels - 1651 Words

The world is currently run on decayed plants and animals that have been transformed into crude oil, coal, and natural gas, by exposure to heat and pressure over millions of years. These materials are known today as fossil fuels, and they produce 84% of all energy created in the United States (Suplee 2014). Although these sources are extensively used, they have a limited supply, eventually they will run out. Even with new extraction methods such as fracking and offshore drilling the deposits of fossil fuels in the world will diminish because of the extreme rate at which they are being used. There is much speculation as to when the Earth will be sucked dry, but whether it’s 10 years from now or 1000, the threat still looms. However, there is a much greater problem fossil fuels pose that already affects everyone today. The burning of crude oil, coal, and natural gas to create energy cause pollution that affects the atmosphere, the water, and the health of everyone. The smog that comes from the smokestacks at power plants fills the air with more carbon dioxide than nature can balance out. This excess carbon dioxide interferes with the atmosphere and pokes holes in the ozone which is the major cause of global warming. Over the next 100 years it is likely the global temperature will rise by 11 degrees (Suplee 2014). Not only are temperatures rising but the emissions are mixing with rainwater creating acid rain. This mixture of water and toxins pollutes water which harms trees,Show MoreRelatedPollution Of Fossil Fuels And Deforestation Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesNitrous Oxide (NO2) and Fluorinated gasses (EPA, 2012). The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation by incineration are common sources of atm ospheric CO2 emissions, since growing forests are being incinerated it rules out the chance of any plant removing carbon dioxide by photosynthesis (VanLoon Duffy, 2011, p. 182). Coal being burnt in a power station or a car running on petrol are examples for combustion of fossil fuels by humans. Ozone depletion is the depletion of the Ozone layer by theRead MoreEssay on Fossil Fuel Leads to Pollution 560 Words   |  3 Pagesarena for fuel. Human life is largely dependent on material things. These material things are produced and transported with the help of fuel driven mediums, but fuel is largely amassed in very few countries of the world especially middle- East countries. With the growth of the economy and consumption, the governments of many countries of the world are striving hard to find an alternative to the fossil fuel which is slow gradually depleting .Moreover, the fossil fuel leads to pollution and bad effectsRead MoreFossil Fuels And Their Impact On The Environment862 Words   |  4 PagesFossil Fuels and Their Impact on the Environment The amount of fossil fuels being deposited into the air should be controlled. Not only do fossil fuels pose a threat to the environment, but also to human health. The problem is not only noticeable in the depletion of human health, but also in the air, water, and land. Emissions are a concerning contribution to other problems such as global warming and greenhouse gases as well. One of the major factors of fossil fuels are vehicles. VehiclesRead More Environmental Impacts of Fossil Fuel Use Essay606 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironmental Impacts of Fossil Fuel Use One of the main issues involved with fossil fuels are the environmental impacts that occur from their use. These problems; such as acid rain, oil spills, climate change, global warming, etc., are not only occurring with fossil fuel usage, but are also increasing due to the increase in the use of fossil fuels. This essay will vaguely explain the area of environmental impacts from fossil fuel use, and will attempt to change, or further increase your understandingRead MoreAir Pollution Due to Transportation1010 Words   |  5 PagesAir Pollution due to Transportation Recently there has been a great emphasis in the media on pollution. In general, it seems that governments and citizens are becoming more aware of the impacts of pollution worldwide. One of the most significant forms of pollution is air pollution. Air pollution is a major concern. Transportation is the 3rd major contributor to air pollution. Air pollution caused by cars and airplanes do a lot more damage to the world than most people are aware of. Education isRead MoreAlternative Energy Can Effectively Replace Fossil Fuels1227 Words   |  5 PagesAlternative Energy Can Effectively Replace Fossil Fuels In the U.S. alone, carbon dioxide emission levels have risen thirty percent since 2005. If the emissions continue to rise at this pace, the temperature of the Earth may rise by at most, thirteen degrees. Temperatures rising to that height could cause chaos across the world. With more and more people burning fossil fuels every day, this unfortunate future is likely to occur. Fortunately, using pollution free alternative energy could alter thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution990 Words   |  4 PagesAir pollution should be addressed more seriously, because it is the deadliest of pollutions killing millions of per year around the world. The pollutants in our environment are mainly caused by the burning of fossil fuels. Air pollution has a massive impact on the environment. It also has an negative impact on the human body. Air pollution can be prevented by performing many simple tasks. Air pollution is extremely dangerous to the human body and the environment and should be d ealt with more seriouslyRead MoreIssues Of Society : North American Environmental Pollution918 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Pollution Effects These days, there are up to 500 chemicals in an average human body that were not found in humans before 1920.1 Several forms of environmental pollution have the ability to intoxicate human bodies with unwanted chemicals. Pollution exists when the environment cannot break down or eliminate an object without creating negative effects. Intoxicating bodies is just one of the several harmful effects that pollution has, specifically, in North America. Pollution causes otherRead MoreEssay about Energy and the Environment: Fossil Fuels511 Words   |  3 PagesEnergy and the Environment: Fossil Fuels Fossil Fuels are one of the most important things on this planet to the human race. Without fossil fuels we wouldnt have todays current means of transportation, we would have less heating for the general population, energy uses would be more expensive, and overall the economy and the world would not be able to sustain themselves. Even still, the fact that fossil fuels are on this planet will never change, but how we use them and what impacts their useRead MorePollution, A Silent Death922 Words   |  4 PagesAws Alwattar Ms. White AP Biology May 19, 2015 Pollution, a silent death Imagine a world without pollution. A globe that’s free and open with clean and fresh air. Now this may sound like the perfect world to many, but to others it sounds impossible. It takes a lot to make it happen and there are many steps before reaching that perfect world. Pollution has many factors, from litter, garbage and plastics to oil spills, urban air and greenhouse gasses. Things like this cause natural disasters and environment

Sociology and Emile Durkheim - 2640 Words

Compare and contrast the theories and methods of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber regarding social behavior. 1.Introduction Emile Durkheim and Max Weber are founding fathers of sociology and outstanding sociologists who made great contributions to the development of sociology and progress of human beings. Previous studies have been done about the theories and methods of Durkheim and Weber, and their works have also been studied for many times from different viewpoints, such as the nature of human and social world, their mutual unawareness of each other and so on. However, few studies have been done to compare and contrast their thoughts and methodologies on social behavior. This essay examines Durkheim’ and Weber’s theories and methods†¦show more content†¦Durkheim made attempts to figure out whether human behavior was caused by social structures instead of mental state (Benton and Craib, 2001, P.25). He collected a vast array of statistics on suicide rates and he showed that suicide rates were not caused by non-social factors, such as race, genetics, mental disorder, climate, seaso n and so on. He went on to argue that suicide rate were caused by social factors such as religious faith, marital status, income and employment and so on. As suicide rates in different countries and different categories of people were different, Durkheim compared them and showed that there was a remarkable constancy Protestants had higher suicide rates than Catholics, and Catholics higher rates than Jews. By collecting statistics and comparing suicide rates in different countries, Durkheim confirmed the existence of social facts. 3.Max Weber’s theory and method regarding social behavior Max Weber (1864-1920) is a German sociologist and one of the key thinkers of Interpretivism. Interpretive approaches see the ‘real world’ as being socially constructed and we interpret the world around us. Max Weber, with Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, is regarded as one of the three founding fathers of sociology. His theory concerned with social behavior is Social Action. In the process of studying social action, Weber used Verstehen as a method and used Ideal Types as a tool. 3.1 Theory: Social ActionShow MoreRelatedEmile Durkheim s Sociology And The Implications Of Sociology1733 Words   |  7 PagesEmile Durkheim wrote extensively on sociology and the implications of sociology in our society in The Rules of the Sociological Method. More specifically, he coined the term â€Å"social facts,† which consist of â€Å"manners of acting, thinking and feeling external to the individual, which are invested with a coercive power by virtue of which they exercise control over him† (Durkheim 51). This phenomenon cannot be confused with organic phenomena (physical responses to outside stimuli, such as recoiling fromRead MoreSociology Emile Durkheim and Max Weber1495 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many different perspectives on the growth of modernity. Society is constantly changing as more time passes by. People like Emile Durkheim and Max Weber both offer their own individual perspective on how the growth of modernity came about and how we have come to understand today’s society. In the 1890s period Emile Durkheim a sociologist, in France watched the transformation of society go from a ‘primitive’ stance into something more complex also known as ‘organic solidarity’. Max WeberRead MoreEmile Durkheim and The Science of Sociology Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Emile Durkheim was born in France in April of 1858 and died in November of 1917. He was from a close Jewish community that he continued to be close to even after breaking with the Jewish church. 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Without Emile Durkheim, the father of sociology, sociology may not have ever reached the great attributes or been considered something worth pursuing. Durkheim was the change that people needed in order to make their society something worth changing and fighting for. Durkheim’s work had no limitations, he was able to explore every aspect of sociology that he wanted, and that is exactly what he set out to do. Durkheim realized several problems people were havingRead MoreThe Founding Fathers Of Sociology, Emile Durkheim2373 Words   |  10 PagesThis is what one of the founding fathers of sociology , Emile Durkheim , meant when he wrote in 1895 that the establishment of a sense of community is facilitated by a class of actors who carry a stigma and sense of stigmatization and are termed ‘deviant’. Unity is provided to any collectivity by uniting against those who are seen as a common threat to the social order and morality of a group. Consequently, the stigma and the stigmatization of some persons demarcates a boundary that reinforcesRead MoreAnalysis Of Emile Durkheim s Theories On Sociology And Psychology1114 Words   |  5 Pagessociologists are functionalists but for this essay I’ll be focusing more on two of the most famous people who support this idea; Bronislaw Malinowski and Émile Durkheim. The two share differences and similarities in the approaches they take depending on the groups they studied. Durkheim, a French sociologist, who is one of the founders of sociology, claimed that meaningful human practices can be understood in sociological, biological and psychological terms. Though, He puts a clear understanding asRead MoreEmile Durkheim s Theory Of The Founding Fathers Of Modern Sociology841 Words   |  4 PagesEmile Durkheim, is known as one of the founding fathers of modern sociology. Durkheim has the theory that every individual in a community, is to born to live and then die. 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Furthermore, the relevance of the early work of the above to modern sociology willRead MoreThe Theories of Emile Durkkheim Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe Theories of Emile Durkheim Emile Durkheim also referred to as â€Å"The Father of Sociology† (Thio, 2002), played a critical role in establishing theories based on â€Å"Social Facts† (Thio, 2002) He is best known for his views of â€Å"social reality†( Thio, 2002) and their ties into how a society works. He was said to be a sociologist who played an important part in the development of â€Å"structural functionalism† (Thio, 2002), and sociology as a whole. His four major studies, or publications, have assured

Can You Say What Your Strategy Is Free Essays

string(66) " that executives should be forced to be crystal clear about them\." www. hbr. org It’s a dirty little secret: Most executives cannot articulate the objective, scope, and advantage of their business in a simple statement. We will write a custom essay sample on Can You Say What Your Strategy Is or any similar topic only for you Order Now If they can’t, neither can anyone else. Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? by David J. Collis and Michael G. Rukstad Reprint R0804E It’s a dirty little secret: Most executives cannot articulate the objective, scope, and advantage of their business in a simple statement. If they can’t, neither can anyone else. Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? by David J. Collis and Michael G. Rukstad COPYRIGHT  © 2008 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Can you summarize your company’s strategy in 35 words or less? If so, would your colleagues put it the same way? It is our experience that very few executives can honestly answer these simple questions in the af? rmative. And the companies that those executives work for are often the most successful in their industry. One is Edward Jones, a St. Louis–based brokerage ? rm with which one of us has been involved for more than 10 years. The fourth-largest brokerage in the United States, Jones has quadrupled its market share during the past two decades, has consistently outperformed its rivals in terms of ROI through bull and bear markets, and has been a ? xture on Fortune’s list of the top companies to work for. It’s a safe bet that just about every one of its 37,000 employees could express the company’s succinct strategy statement: Jones aims to â€Å"grow to 17,000 ? nancial advisers by 2012 [from about 10,000 today] by offering trusted and convenient face-to-face ? ancial advice to conservative individual investors who delegate their ? nanharvard business review †¢ april 2008 cial decisions, through a national network of one-? nancial-adviser of? ces. † Conversely, companies that don’t have a simple and clear statement of strategy are likely to fall into the sorry category of those that have failed to execute their strategy or, worse, those that never even had one. In an as tonishing number of organizations, executives, frontline employees, and all those in between are frustrated because no clear strategy exists for the company or its lines of business. The kinds of complaints that abound in such ? rms include: †¢ â€Å"I try for months to get an initiative off the ground, and then it is shut down because ‘it doesn’t ? t the strategy. ’ Why didn’t anyone tell me that at the beginning? † †¢ â€Å"I don’t know whether I should be pursuing this market opportunity. I get mixed signals from the powers that be. † †¢ â€Å"Why are we bidding on this customer’s business again? We lost it last year, and I thought we agreed then not to waste our time chasing the contract! † page 1 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? David J. Collis (dcollis@hbs. du) is an adjunct professor in the strategy unit of Harvard Business School in Boston and the author of several books on corporate strategy. He has studied and consulted to Edward Jones, the brokerage that is the main example in this article, and has taught in the firm’s management-development program. Michael G. Ruksta d was a senior research fellow at Harvard Business School, where he taught for many years until his untimely death in 2006. †¢ â€Å"Should I cut the price for this customer? I don’t know if we would be better off winning the deal at a lower price or just losing the business. Leaders of ? rms are mysti? ed when what they thought was a beautifully crafted strategy is never implemented. They assume that the initiatives described in the voluminous documentation that emerges from an annual budget or a strategic-planning process will ensure competitive success. They fail to appreciate the necessity of having a simple, clear, succinct strategy statement that everyone can internalize and use as a guiding light for making dif? cult choices. Think of a major business as a mound of 10,000 iron ? lings, each one representing an employee. If you scoop up that many ? ings and drop them onto a piece of paper, they’ll be pointing in every direction. It will be a big mess: 10,00 0 smart people working hard and making what they think are the right decisions for the company—but with the net result of confusion. Engineers in the RD department are creating a product with â€Å"must have† features for which (as the marketing group could have told them) customers will not pay; the sales force is selling customers on quick turnaround times and customized offerings even though the manufacturing group has just invested in equipment designed for long production runs; and so on. If you pass a magnet over those ? ings, what happens? They line up. Similarly, a well-understood statement of strategy aligns behavior within the business. It allows everyone in the organization to make individual choices that reinforce one another, rendering those 10,000 employees exponentially more effective. What goes into a good statement of strategy? Michael Porter’s seminal article â€Å"What Is Strategy? † (HBR November–December 1996) lays out the char acteristics of strategy in a conceptual fashion, conveying the essence of strategic choices and distinguishing them from the relentless but competitively fruitless search for operational ef? iency. However, we have found in our work both with executives and with students that Porter’s article does not answer the more basic question of how to describe a particular ? rm’s strategy. It is a dirty little secret that most executives don’t actually know what all the elements of a strategy statement are, which makes it impossible for them to develop one. With a clear de? nition, though, two things happen: First, formulation becomes in? nitely easier because executives know what they are trying to create. Second, implementation becomes much simpler because the strategy’s essence can be readily communicated and easily internalized by everyone in the organization. Elements of a Strategy Statement The late Mike Rukstad, who contributed enormously to this article, identi? ed three critical components of a good strategy statement— objective, scope, and advantage—and rightly believed that executives should be forced to be crystal clear about them. You read "Can You Say What Your Strategy Is" in category "Papers" These elements are a simple yet suf? cient list for any strategy (whether business or military) that addresses competitive interaction over unbounded terrain. Any strategy statement must begin with a de? nition of the ends that the strategy is designed to achieve. â€Å"If you don’t know where you are going, any road will get you there† is the appropriate maxim here. If a nation has an unclear sense of what it seeks to achieve from a military campaign, how can it have a hope of attaining its goal? The de? nition of the objective should include not only an end point but also a time frame for reaching it. A strategy to get U. S. troops out of Iraq at some distant point in the future would be very different from a strategy to bring them home within two years. Since most ? rms compete in a more or less unbounded landscape, it is also crucial to de? ne the scope, or domain, of the business: the part of the landscape in which the ? rm will operate. What are the boundaries beyond which it will not venture? If you are planning to enter the restaurant business, will you provide sit-down or quick service? A casual or an upscale atmosphere? What type of food will you offer—French or Mexican? What geographic area will you serve—the Midwest or the East Coast? Alone, these two aspects of strategy are insuf? ient. You could go into business tomorrow with the goal of becoming the world’s largest hamburger chain within 10 years. But will anyone invest in your company if you have not explained how you are going to reach your objective? Your competitive advantage is the essence of your strategy: What harvard business review †¢ april 2008 page 2 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? your business will do differently from or better t han others de? nes the all-important means by which you will achieve your stated objective. That advantage has complementary external and internal components: a value proposition that explains why the targeted customer should buy your product above all the alternatives, and a description of how internal activities must be aligned so that only your ? rm can deliver that value proposition. De? ning the objective, scope, and advantage requires trade-offs, which Porter identi? ed as fundamental to strategy. If a ? rm chooses to pursue growth or size, it must accept that pro? tability will take a back seat. If it chooses to serve institutional clients, it may ignore retail customers. If the value proposition is lower prices, the company will not be able to compete on, for example, fashion or ? t. Finally, if the advantage comes from scale economies, the ? rm will not be able to accommodate idiosyncratic customer needs. Such trade-offs are what distinguish individual companies strategically. De? ning the Objective The ? rst element of a strategy statement is the one that most companies have in some A Hierarchy of Company Statements Organizational direction comes in several forms. The mission statement is your loftiest guiding light—and your least speci? c. As you work your way down the hierarchy, the statements become more concrete, practical, and ultimately unique. No other company will have the same strategy statement, which de? nes your competitive advantage, or balanced scorecard, which tracks how you implement your particular strategy. MISSION Why we exist VALUES What we believe in and how we will behave VISION What we want to be STRATEGY What our competitive game plan will be BALANCED SCORECARD How we will monitor and implement that plan The BASIC ELEMENTS of a Strategy Statement OBJECTIVE = Ends SCOPE = Domain ADVANTAGE = Means form or other. Unfortunately, the form is usually wrong. Companies tend to confuse their statement of values or their mission with their strategic objective. A strategic objective is not, for example, the platitude of â€Å"maximizing shareholder wealth by exceeding customer expectations for _______ [insert product or service here] and providing opportunities for our employees to lead ful? lling lives while respecting the environment and the communities in which we operate. † Rather, it is the single precise objective that will drive the business over the next ? ve years or so. (See the exhibit â€Å"A Hierarchy of Company Statements. ) Many companies do have—and all ? rms should have—statements of their ultimate purpose and the ethical values under which they will operate, but neither of these is the strategic objective. The mission statement spells out the underlying motivation for being in business in the ? rst place—the contribution to society that the ? rm aspires to make. (An insurance company, for example, might de? ne its mission as providing ? nancial security to consumers. ) Such statements, however, are not useful as strategic goals to drive today’s business decisions. Similarly, it is good and proper that ? ms be clear with employees about ethical values. But principles such as respecting individual differences and sustaining the environment are not strategic. They govern how employees should behave (â€Å"doing things right†); they do not guide what the ? rm should do (â€Å"the right thing to do†). Firms in the same business often have the same mission. (Don’t all insurance companies aspire to provide ? nancial security to their customers? ) They may also have the same values. They might even share a vision: an indeterminate future goal such as being the â€Å"recognized leader in the insurance ? eld. However, it is unlikely that even two companies in the same business will have the same strategic objecti ve. Indeed, if your ? rm’s strategy can be applied to any other ? rm, you don’t have a very good one. It is always easy to claim that maximizing shareholder value is the company’s objective. In some sense all strategies are designed to do this. However, the question to ask when creating an actionable strategic statement is, Which objective is most likely to maximize shareholder value over the next several years? harvard business review †¢ april 2008 page 3 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? Growth? Achieving a certain market share? Becoming the market leader? ) The strategic objective should be speci? c, measurable, and time bound. It should also be a single goal. It is not suf? cient to say, â€Å"We seek to grow pro? tably. † Which matters more—growth or pro? tability? A salesperson needs to know the answer when she’s deciding how aggressive to be on price. There could well be a host of subordinate goals that follow from the strategic objective, and these might serve as metrics on a balanced scorecard that monitors progress for which individuals will be held accountable. Yet the ultimate objective that will drive the operation of the business over the next several years should always be clear. The choice of objective has a profound impact on a ? rm. When Boeing shifted its primary goal from being the largest player in the aircraft industry to being the most profitable, it had to restructure the entire organization, from sales to manufacturing. For example, the company dropped its policy of competing with Airbus to the last cent on every deal and abandoned its commitment to maintain a manufacturing capacity that could deliver more than half a peak year’s demand for planes. Another company, after years of seeking to maximize pro? ts at the expense of growth, issued a corporate mandate to generate at least 10% organic growth per year. The change in strategy forced the ? rm to switch its focus from shrinking to serve only its pro? table core customers and competing on the basis of cost or ef? ciency to differentiating its products, which led to a host of new product features and services that appealed to a wider set of customers. At Edward Jones, discussion among the partners about the ? rm’s objective ignited a passionate exchange. One said, â€Å"Our ultimate objective has to be maximizing pro? t per partner. † Another responded, â€Å"Not all ? nancial advisers are partners—so if we maximize revenue per partner, we are ignoring the other 30,000-plus people who make the business work! † Another added, â€Å"Our ultimate customer is the client. We cannot just worry about partner pro? ts. In fact, we should start by maximizing value for the customer and let the pro? ts ? ow to us from there! † And so on. This intense debate not only drove alignment with the objective of healthy growth in the number of ? ancial advisers but also ensured that every implication of that choice was fully explored. Setting an ambitious growth target at each point in its 85-year history, Edward Jones has continually increased its scale and market presence. Striving to achieve such growth has increased long-term pro? t per adviser and led the ? rm to its unique con? guration: Its only pro? t center is the ind ividual ? nancial adviser. Other activities, even investment banking, serve as support functions and are not held accountable for generating pro? t. De? ning the Scope A ? m’s scope encompasses three dimensions: customer or offering, geographic location, and vertical integration. Clearly de? ned boundaries in those areas should make it obvious to managers which activities they should concentrate on and, more important, which they should not do. The three dimensions may vary in relevance. For Edward Jones, the most important is the customer. The ? rm is con? gured to meet the needs of one very speci? c type of client. Unlike just about every other brokerage in the business, Jones does not de? ne its archetypal customer by net worth or income. Nor does it use demographics, profession, or spending habits. Rather, the de? nition is psychographic: The company’s customers are long-term investors who have a conservative investment philosophy and are uncomfortable making serious ? nancial decisions without the support of a trusted adviser. In the terminology of the business, Jones targets the â€Å"delegator,† not the â€Å"validator† or the â€Å"do-it-yourselfer. † The scope of an enterprise does not prescribe exactly what should be done within the speci? ed bounds. In fact, it encourages experimentation and initiative. But to ensure that the borders are clear to all employees, the scope should specify where the ? rm or business will not go. That will prevent managers from spending long hours on projects that get turned down by higher-ups because they do not ? t the strategy. For example, clarity about who the customer is and who it is not has kept Edward Jones from pursuing day traders. Even at the height of the internet bubble, the company chose not to introduce online trading (it is harvard business review †¢ april 2008 page 4 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? till not available to Jones customers). Unlike the many brokerages that committed hundreds of millions of dollars and endless executive hours to debates over whether to introduce online trading (and if so, how to price and position it in a way that did not cannibalize or con? ict with traditional offerings), Jones wasted no money or time on that decision because it had set clear boundaries. Similarly, Jones is not vertically integrate d into proprietary mutual funds, so as not to violate the independence of its ? nancial advisers and undermine clients’ trust. Nor will he company offer penny stocks, shares from IPOs, commodities, or options—investment products that it believes are too risky for the conservative clients it chooses to serve. And it does not have metropolitan of? ces in business districts, because they would not allow for the convenient, face-to-face interactions in casual settings that the ? rm seeks to provide. Knowing not to extend its scope in these directions has allowed the ? rm to focus on doing what it does well and reap the bene? ts of simplicity, standardization, and deep experience. De? ning the Advantage Wal-Mart’s Value Proposition Wal-Mart’s value proposition can be summed up as â€Å"everyday low prices for a broad range of goods that are always in stock in convenient geographic locations. † It is those aspects of the customer experience that the company overdelivers relative to competitors. Underperformance on other dimensions, such as ambience and sales help, is a strategic choice that generates cost savings, which fuel the company’s price advantage. If the local mom-and-pop hardware store has survived, it also has a value proposition: convenience, proprietors who have known you for years, free coffee and doughnuts on Saturday mornings, and so on. Sears falls in the middle on many criteria. As a result, customers lack a lot of compelling reasons to shop there, which goes a long way toward explaining why the company is struggling to remain pro? table. Customer purchase criteria* Low prices Selection across categories Rural convenience Reliable prices In-stock merchandise Merchandise quality Suburban convenience Selection within categories Sales help Ambience poor Delivery on criteria * in approximate order of importance to Wal-Mart’s target customer group Source: Jan Rivkin, Harvard Business School Mom pop stores Sears Wal-Mart excellent Given that a sustainable competitive advantage is the essence of strategy, it should be no surprise that advantage is the most critical aspect of a strategy statement. Clarity about what makes the ? rm distinctive is what most helps employees understand how they can contribute to successful execution of its strategy. As mentioned above, the complete de? nition of a ? rm’s competitive advantage consists of two parts. The ? rst is a statement of the customer value proposition. Any strategy statement that cannot explain why customers should buy your product or service is doomed to failure. A simple graphic that maps your value proposition against those of rivals can be an extremely easy and useful way of identifying what makes yours distinctive. (See the exhibit â€Å"Wal-Mart’s Value Proposition. †) The second part of the statement of advantage captures the unique activities or the complex combination of activities allowing that ? rm alone to deliver the customer value proposition. This is where the strategy statement draws from Porter’s de? nition of strategy as making consistent choices about the con? guration of the ? rm’s activities. It is also where the activity-system map that Porter describes in â€Å"What Is Strategy? comes into play. As the exhibit â€Å"Edward Jones’s ActivitySystem Map† shows, the brokerage’s value proposition is to provide convenient, trusted, personal service and advice. What is most distinctive about Jones is that it has only one ? nancial adviser in an of? ce, which allows it to have mor e of? ces (10,000 nationally) than competitors do. Merrill Lynch has about 15,000 brokers but only 1,000 of? ces. To make it easy for its targeted customers to visit at their convenience—and to provide a relaxed, harvard business review †¢ april 2008 page 5 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? ersonable, nonthreatening environment— Jones puts its of? ces in strip malls and the retail districts of rural areas and suburbs rather than high-rise buildings in the central business districts of big cities. These choices alone require Jones to differ radically from other brokerages in the con? guration of its activities. With no branch-of? ce management providing direction or support, each ? nancial adviser must be an entrepreneur who delights in running his or her own operation. Since such people are an exception in the industry, Jones has to bring all its own ? ancial advisers in from other industries or backgrounds and train them, at great expense. Until 2007, when it sw itched to an internet-based service, the ? rm had to have its own satellite network to provide its widely dispersed of? ces with real-time quotes and allow them to execute trades. Because the company has 10,000 separate of? ces, its real estate and communication costs are about 50% higher than the industry average. However, all those of? ces allow the ? nancial advisers who run them to deliver convenient, trusted, personal service and advice. Other successful players in this industry also have distinctive value propositions Edward Jones’s Activity-System Map This map illustrates how activities at the brokerage Edward Jones connect to deliver competitive advantage. The ? rm’s customer value proposition appears near the center of the map—in the â€Å"customer relationship† bubble—and the supporting activities hang off it. Only the major connections are shown. TARGET CUSTOMER individual conservative delegates decisions PRODUCT blue chips PRICE one-time commission mutual funds HEADQUARTERS St. Louis home of? e for all activities TECHNOLOGY satellite (historically) LOCATION rural suburban strip mall REGIONAL STRUCTURE no regional management COMPENSATION each ? nancial adviser is a pro? t center ONE FINANCIAL ADVISER PER OFFICE advisers run their own of? ces MARKETING local mailings knocking on doors INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY long-term buy and hold CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP face-to-face convenient tru sted ? nancial adviser VALUES CULTURE volunteerism mentoring BRANCH SUPPORT branch-of? ce assistant OWNERSHIP partnership, not public BROKER TYPE entrepreneur member of community HIRE TRAIN hire from outside industry internally train all ? ancial advisers harvard business review †¢ april 2008 page 6 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? and unique con? gurations of activities to support them. Merrill Lynch. During the ? ve-year tenure of former CEO Stan O’Neal, who retired in October 2007, Merrill Lynch developed an effective strategy that it called â€Å"Total Merrill. † The company’s value proposition: to provide for all the ? nancial needs of its high-net-worth customers—those with liquid ? nancial assets of more than $250,000—through retirement. While a lot of brokerages cater to people with a high net worth, they focus on asset accumulation before retirement. Merrill’s view is that as baby boomers age and move from the relatively simple phase of accumulating assets to the much more complex, higher-risk phase of drawing cash from their retirement accounts, their needs change. During this stage, they will want to consolidate their ? nancial assets with a single trusted partner that can help them ? gure out how to optimize income over their remaining years by making the best decisions on everything from annuities to payout ratios to long-term-care insurance. Merrill offers coherent ? nancial plans for The Strategic Sweet Spot The strategic sweet spot of a company is where it meets customers’ needs in a way that rivals can’t, given the context in which it competes. CONTEXT (technology, industry demographics, regulation, and so on) COMPETITORS’ offerings CUSTOMERS’ needs SWEET SPOT COMPANY’S capabilities such customers and provides access to a very wide range of sophisticated products based on a Monte Carlo simulation of the probabilities of running out of money according to different annual rates of return on different categories of assets. How does Merrill intend to deliver this value to its chosen customers in a way that’s unique among large ? ms? First, it is pushing brokers—especially new ones—to become certi? ed ? nancial planners and has raised internal training requirements to put them on that road. The certi? ed ? nancial planner license is more dif? cult for brokers to obtain than the standard Series 7 license, because it requires candidates to have a college degree and to master nearly 100 integrated ? nancialplanning topics. Second, Merrill offers all forms of insurance, annuities, covered calls, hedge funds, banking services, and so on (unlike Edward Jones, which offers a much more limited menu of investment products). Since several of these products are technically complex, Merrill needs product specialists to support the client-facing broker. This â€Å"Team Merrill† organization poses very different HR and compensation issues from those posed by Edward Jones’s single-adviser of? ces. Merrill’s compensation system has to share income among the team members and reward referrals. Wells Fargo. This San Francisco bank competes in the brokerage business as part of its tactic to cross-sell services to its retail banking customers in order to boost pro? t per customer. It aims to sell each customer at least eight different products. ) Wells Fargo’s objective for its brokerage arm, clearly stated in a recent annual report, is to triple its share of customers’ ? nancial assets. The brokerage’s means for achieving this goal is the parent company’s database of 23 million customers, many of them brought into the ? rm through one particular aspect of the bankin g relationship: the mortgage. Wells Fargo differs from Edward Jones and Merrill Lynch in its aim to offer personalized, rather than personal, service. For example, the ? m’s IT system allows a bank clerk to know a limited amount of information about a customer (name, birthday, and so on) and appear to be familiar with him or her, which is quite different from the ongoing individual relationships that Jones and Merrill brokers have with their clients. harvard business review †¢ april 2008 page 7 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? LPL Financial. Different again is LPL Financial, with of? ces in Boston, San Diego, and Charlotte, North Carolina. LPL sees its brokers (all of whom are independent ? nancial advisers af? liated with the ? rm) rather than consumers as its clients and has con? ured all of its activities to provide individualized solutions and the highest payouts to its brokers. This means that the vast majority of the activities performed by the corporate headquar ters staff are services, such as training, that brokers choose and pay for on an a la carte basis. As a result, LPL’s headquarters staff is very small (0. 20 people per broker) compared with that of Edward Jones (1. 45 people per broker). Low overhead allows LPL to offer a higher payout to brokers than Jones and Merrill do, which is its distinctive value proposition to its chosen customer: the broker. By now it should be apparent how a careful description of the unique activities a ? rm performs to generate a distinctive customer value proposition effectively captures its strategy. A relatively simple description in a strategy statement provides an incisive characterization that could not belong to any other ? rm. This is the goal. When that statement has been internalized by all employees, they can easily understand how their daily activities contribute to the overall success of the ? rm and how to correctly make the dif? cult choices they confront in their jobs. Developing a Strategy Statement How, then, should a ? rm go about crafting its strategy statement? Obviously, the ? rst step is to create a great strategy, which requires careful evaluation of the industry landscape. Leaving No Room for Misinterpretation Executives at Edward Jones have developed a detailed understanding of every element of the ? rm’s strategy. Here is an example. †conservativeâ€Å" Our investment philosophy is long-term buy and hold. We do not sell penny stocks, commodities, or other high-risk instruments. As a result we do not serve day traders and see no need to offer online trading. We charge commissions on trades because this is the cheapest way to buy stocks (compared with a wrap fee, which charges annually as a percentage of assets) when the average length of time the investor holds the stock or mutual fund is over 10 years. †individualâ€Å" We do not advise institutions or companies. We do not segment according to wealth, age, or other demographics. The company will serve all customers that ? t its conservative investment philosophy. Brokers will call on any and every potential customer. Stories abound within Jones of millionaires who live in trailers—people all the other brokerages would never think of approaching. investorsâ€Å" Our basic service is investment. We do not seek to offer services such as checking accounts for their own sake, but only as part of the management of a client’s assets. †who delegate their ? nancial decisionsâ€Å" We do not target self-directed do-it-yourselfers, who are comfortable making their own investment decisions. We are also unlikely to serve validators, who are merely looking for reassurance that their decisions are correct. Edward Jones’s Strategy Statement To grow to 17,000 ? nancial advisers by 2012 by offering trusted and convenient face-to-face ? ancial advice to conservative individual investors who delegate their ? nancial decisions, through a national network of one-? nancialadviser of? ces. harvard business review †¢ april 2008 page 8 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? This includes developing a detailed understanding of customer needs, segmenting customers, and then identifying unique ways of creating value for the ones the ? rm chooses to serve. It also calls for an analysis of competitors’ current strategies and a prediction of how they might change in the future. The process must involve a rigorous, objective assessment of the ? m’s capabilities and resources and those of competitors, as described in â€Å"Competing on Resources: Strategy in the 1990s,† by David J. Collis and Cynthia A. Montgomery (HBR July–August 1995)—not just a feel-good exercise of identifying core competencies. The creative part of developing strategy is ? nding the sweet spot that aligns the ? rm’s capabilities with customer needs in a way that competitors cannot match given the changing external context—factors such as technology, industry demographics, and regulation. (See the exhibit â€Å"The Strategic Sweet Spot. ) We have found that one of the best ways to do this is to develop two or three plausible but very different strategic options. For example, ? eshing out two dramatically different alternatives—becoming a cheap Red Lobster or a ? sh McDonald’s—helped executives at the Long John Silver’s chain of restaurants understand the strategic choices that they had to make. They had been trying to do a bit of everything, and this exercise showed them that their initiativ es—such as offering early-evening table service and expanding drive-through service—were strategically inconsistent. Competing on the basis of table service requires bigger restaurants and more employees, while drive-through service requires high-traf? c locations and smaller footprints. ) As a result, they chose to be a ? sh McDonald’s, building smaller restaurants with drive-through service in hightraf? c locations. The process of developing the strategy and then crafting the statement that captures its essence in a readily communicable manner should involve employees in all parts of the company and at all levels of the hierarchy. The wording of the strategy statement should be worked through in painstaking detail. In fact, that can be the most powerful part of the strategy development process. It is usually in heated discussions over the choice of a single word that a strategy is crystallized and executives truly understand what it will involve. The end result should be a brief statement that re? ects the three elements of an effective strategy. It should be accompanied by detailed annotations that elucidate the strategy’s nuances (to preempt any possible misreading) and spell out its implications. See the exhibit â€Å"Leaving No Room for Misinterpretation. †) When the strategy statement is circulated throughout the company, the value proposition chart and activity-system map should be attached. They serve as simple reminders of the twin aspects of competitive advantage that underpin the strategy. Cascading the statement throughout the organization, so that each level of management will be the teacher for the level below, becomes the starting point for incorporating strategy into everyone’s behavior. The strategy will really have traction only when executives can be con? ent that the actions of empowered frontline employees will be guided by the same principles that they themselves follow. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ The value of rhetoric should not be underestimated. A 35-word statement can have a substantial impact on a company’s success. Words do lead to action. Spending the time to develop the few words that truly capture your strategy and that will energize and empower your people will raise the long-term ? nancial performance of your organization. Reprint R0804E To order, see the next page or call 800-988-0886 or 617-783-7500 or go to www. br. org harvard business review †¢ april 2008 page 9 Further Reading The Harvard Business Review Paperback Series Here are the landmark ideas—both contemporary and classic—that have established Harvard B usiness Review as required reading for businesspeople around the globe. Each paperback includes eight of the leading articles on a particular business topic. The series includes over thirty titles, including the following best-sellers: Harvard Business Review on Brand Management Product no. 1445 Harvard Business Review on Change Product no. 842 Harvard Business Review on Leadership Product no. 8834 Harvard Business Review on Managing People Product no. 9075 Harvard Business Review on Measuring Corporate Performance Product no. 8826 For a complete list of the Harvard Business Review paperback series, go to www. hbr. org. To Order For Harvard Business Review reprints and subscriptions, call 800-988-0886 or 617-783-7500. Go to www. hbr. org For customized and quantity orders of Harvard Business Review article reprints, call 617-783-7626, or e-mail customizations@hbsp. harvard. edu page 10 How to cite Can You Say What Your Strategy Is, Papers